Historically it was called mongoloidism, and people with it were called Mongoloids; this is now considered offensive. Background: Some use the term survivor to affirm their recovery from or conquest of an adverse health condition. NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a person with a chronic illness, only refer to the condition if it is pertinent to the story you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with spina bifida, followed by a short explanation of what their condition entails if it is pertinent to the story. AAC may be used on second reference. Avoid using psychotic as an adjective to describe a person; instead refer to a person as having a psychotic condition or experiencing a psychosis. Avoid using the terms colloquially. Background: Amputation refers to the removal of a bodily extremity, usually during a surgical operation, for a variety of reasons, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.People who have undergone an amputation are commonly referred to as amputees, but the term may be offensive and often is not used correctly. For example: Eds: Graphic details of the killings could be offensive or disturbing to some readers.. NCDJ Recommendation: If youre an educator, consider alerting students ahead of time if content contains graphic descriptions of traumatic events. Background: Total blindness is the complete lack of perception of either light or form. Another note this time about the language around COVID-19. en abril 28, 2022 abril 28, 2022 moaning minnie synonym. These conditions also are called toxicant-induced loss of tolerance, environmental illness or sick-building syndrome.. Referring to someone as a paraplegic is offensive to some people as it implies that their condition defines them. See Dwarf, little person/people/midget/short stature. Certain communities, such as the Muscular Dystrophy community and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy community, have embraced the term, but others argue that interabled relationships are relationships just like any other and should not be marked as different. NCDJ Recommendation: While it is acceptable to use the terms developmental disability and developmental disabilities, it is preferable to use the name of the specific disability whenever possible. Instead, deafness is often considered a culture. Aging and exposure to loud noise may cause wear and tear on the hairs or nerve cells in the AP style: The stylebook states that its acceptable to use the word autism as an umbrella term for a group of developmental disorders. It also says it is acceptable to use the word autism in stories. NCDJ Recommendation: Someone with an amputation is generally acceptable. AP style: The style book suggests naming the specific condition when possible rather than making a general reference. Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder usually caused by an extremely emotional traumatic event. In the past, we have encouraged journalists and others to use person-first language (such as, a person who has Down syndrome rather than a Down syndrome person) as a default. According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, post-polio syndrome is a condition that affects some persons who have had poliomyelitis (polio) long after recovery from the disease. Programs in Disability Studies should encourage a curriculum that allows students, activists, teachers, artists, practitioners, and researchers to engage the subject matter from various disciplinary perspectives.. The references angered disability rights advocates, who argued that Hawking achieved remarkable success while using a wheelchair and a computerized voice system, not despite those devices. This also is referred to as deaf-blindness or deafblindness. Electrical sensitivities are triggered by electromagnetic fields from electrical devices and frequencies. Its acceptable to use the word said in subsequent references. Specific disorders should be used and the source of the diagnosis identified whenever possible. Background: A language researcher introduced the term audism in 1975, according to Britannica, which defines it as people who continually judge deaf peoples intelligence and success on the basis of their ability in the language of the hearing culture. It also appears when deaf people themselves actively participate in the oppression of other deaf people by demanding of them the same set of standards, behavior, and values that they demand of hearing people. The term reemerged in the 1990s and is generally accepted today. Other symptoms include memory loss, emotional issues, disorientation and the development of other mental disorders. Many medical organizations do not use a hyphen when spelling posttraumatic; however the AP does. In addition to their cognitive component, many types of dementia include physical symptoms, such as the abnormal eye movements of Huntingtons disease or the tremors associated with Parkinsons disease. It is important to note that augmentative and alternative communication a general term used to refer to alternative methods that allow for written and spoken expression is considered very different from facilitated communication. Background: The terms mentally retarded, retard and mental retardation were once common terms that are now considered outdated and offensive. Laws against suicide have been repealed in the U.S. and many other places. In some cases, the word typical can be used to describe a non-disabled condition, although be aware that some in the disability community object to its use. While speech impediment and speech disorder are still widely used within the medical community, many consider the terms offensive because they describe the conditions in terms of a deficiency. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Disability Studies in the same way you would reference other academic disciplines. Bipolar disorder often develops during late adolescence or early adulthood. This hearing-impaired population may be even more isolated than the visually impaired community. Background: A person who has a congenital disability has had a disability since birth. "Hard of hearing" refers to a hearing loss where there may be enough residual Background: These words were once commonly used to describe people with mental illness but are now considered offensive. Use quotes when officials or family members use a term such as a history of mental illness to refer to an individual, and when appropriate, indicate that the diagnosis has not been confirmed. More. Physical deformities can arise from a number of causes, including genetic mutations, various disorders, amputations and complications in utero or at birth. The condition is a neural tube defect that occurs when the spinal column does not close all the way in the womb. Color vision deficiency is becoming more widely used, but you may have to explain its meaning, depending upon the context. For example, addressing the functional needs of people with disabilities could be used when referring to a facility or program. Some people have a physical characteristic that is not a result of an amputation. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid these terms as they often are used inaccurately and can be offensive. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but the style book suggests not using such terms without asking for an individuals preference. Today, many government and private organizations in the U.S. and elsewhere use deafblind instead of deaf-blind. While these often are technological in nature, such as speech-generating devices, interactive touch screens or amplifiers to boost volume, they also may include drawing, gesturing, signing, finger spelling or picture books, among others. Slurred speech after a stroke is the most common It is typically caused by a spinal cord or brain injury. Earwax buildup (cerumen) can occlude sound from passing through to the middle ear. WebAs you can see, even mild hearing loss can affect the sounds of speech, making it difficult to understand words with consonant sounds. AP style: Not addressed, although AP does not use the abbreviation MD. It is not interchangeable with American sign language; in fact, its not sign language at all. For example, the terms failed attempt or successful or completed attempt depict suicide as a goal, project or solution. Did you know that Rapid speech that is difficult to understand. Background: Disability and disabled generally describe functional limitations that affect one or more of the major life activities, including walking, lifting, learning and breathing. Jon Henner, an assistant professor at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, who is Deaf, describes himself as a crip linguist., While some activists have embraced the word, adopting hashtags such as #criplit and #cripthevote, others are very much against its use. Symptoms include restlessness, difficulty in focusing or staying organized and impulsivity. Background: According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, learning disability describes a neurologically based condition that may manifest itself as difficulty learning and using skills in reading (called dyslexia), writing (dysgraphia), mathematics (dyscalculia) and other cognitive processes due to differences in how the brain processes information. It is a negative commotation. But proceed with extra caution. AP Style: The only reference relates to hyphenation. NCDJ Recommendation: Use augmentative and alternative communication on first reference, explaining what it means. If they meet this definition, animals are considered service animals under the ADA, regardless of whether they have been licensed or certified. NCDJ Recommendation: Neurodiversity can be used as a way of describing someone on the autism spectrum, but because its a relatively new term, consider offering the definition when you use it, particularly in work meant for a mainstream audience. Refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story and, when possible, confirm the diagnosis with a reputable source, such as a medical professional or other licensed professional. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. NCDJ Recommendation: The term may not be understood by all, so an explanation may be required. WebInclude plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables in their diet. Prior to 2013, subtypes of autism, such as Aspergers syndrome, autism disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder, were classified as distinct disorders. As language, perceptions and social mores change rapidly, it is becoming increasingly difficult for journalists and other communicators to figure out how to refer to people with disabilities. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic., Background: According to the Mayo Clinic: A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. Use a person with dementia or a person with dementia rather than demented or senile. When possible, reference the specific disease, such as someone with Huntingtons disease. When referencing Huntingtons disease or Parkinsons disease, use the full term rather than shortening to Huntingtons or Parkinsons.. The terms signer and interpreter often are used interchangeably but mean different things. Common congenital disabilities include Down syndrome, heart-related medical conditions and most forms of cerebral palsy. NCDJ Recommendation: Since the term is not in widespread use, its meaning should be explained for a general audience; ask sources how they prefer to describe their relationships whenever possible. NCDJ Recommendation: Colorblind is still generally acceptable, but in the interest of accuracy, consider indicating what kind of color-blindness a person has, such as red-green color-blindness. When renowned scientist Stephen Hawking died in 2018, media accounts referred to him as finally free of the wheelchair he used for decades. Tetraplegia is used interchangeably with quadriplegia.. When covering AA, consider referring to members by their first name only unless official references or context requires otherwise. Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability because the terms imply that the person is somehow incomplete or sub-par. question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. Background: Mental illness is an umbrella term for many different conditions that affect how individuals act, think, feel or perceive the world.. Some content can spark difficult memories for people with certain mental illnesses and phobias.Trigger warnings communicate that upcoming content may produce unpredictable and unwelcome reactions for some readers. The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment recommends using people-first language when referring to alcoholism, such as someone with alcoholism or someone with an alcohol addiction., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone who harmfully uses alcohol as a person with alcoholism rather than an alcoholic, which tends to identify someone solely by their disease. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. The field was founded by Sigmund Freud. In general, blind or legally blind is acceptable for people with complete or almost complete vision loss. AP style: The style book urges avoidance of the term special education and suggests trying to be specific about the needs or services in question. People with disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people with disabilities experience. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability. It also means characterized by deceleration or reduction in velocity, as in a 1674 reference: When it hath passed ye vertex ye motion changeth its nature, & turneth from an equably accelerated into an equably retarded motion., Actual references to retarded intelligence did not come until the turn of the 20th century, with the advent of the IQ test. NCDJ Recommendation: Both terms are acceptable, although many people prefer people-first language, stating that someone is a person with an intellectual disability rather than referring to the person as intellectually disabled. But not all people who appear to haveseizures haveepilepsy, a group of related disorders characterized by a tendency for recurrentseizures., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having epilepsy only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. The following broad definitions are sourced from Psychology Today: NCDJ Recommendation: Ask professionals how they should be identified, based on their formal training. However, advocates support the device for suitable candidates. Limited vision: Acceptable when a person is not legally or completely blind, Low vision: Acceptable when a person is not legally or completely blind. NCDJ Recommendation: Treatment is an acceptable term for medical interventions, and treatment center is acceptable for the establishment in which such practices take place. Background: Addiction is a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individuals life experiences. AP style: The style book suggests using the term survivor with care because it can be imprecise, among other reasons. The pandemic altered the way many people think about disability, as people who had never encountered such obstacles were suddenly unable to leave their houses. Background: The two terms often are used interchangeably. Background: ADHD, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is a relatively common neurodevelopmental diagnosis. Refer specifically to the physical changes. See Autism In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association folded Aspergers syndrome into one umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. MD is acceptable on second reference. Although involuntary cursing is commonly thought to be a key trait of the disorder, only a minority of those with Tourette syndrome exhibit this symptom. Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).. She experiences symptoms of psychosis is preferable to She is psychotic. He has a bipolar disorder is preferable to He is bipolar.. AP style: Schizophrenia is classified as a mental illness. Ask people how they want to be described. If one method of communication fails to work, try another.
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